To demonstrate refraction, emily’s teacher places a glass rod in water. the glass in the water will appear a) curved. b) darker. c) smaller. d) twisted.

A

Explanation:

Refraction of a wave is due to change in its speed when it enters a different media of a different density. Due to this change, the wave changes phase at the transition of the two media and to the observer, the wave (this case light) will seem to bend at this point.

i'm pretty sure its b i might be wrong though!

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.