Question 1:
A) 0.289 moles.
B) 1.74 x 10Β²Β³ atoms.
Question 2:
A) 0.30 moles. Β
B) it contains 0.3 moles of both Na and Cl.
C) it contains 6.023 x 10Β²Β³ atoms of both Na and Cl.
Question 3:
A) The number of moles of sucrose (CββHββOββ) β
0.0228 moles.
B) The number of moles of C atoms in sucrose (CββHββOββ) = 0.2763 mole of C atoms.
The number of moles of H atoms in sucrose (CββHββOββ) = 0.5016 mole of H atoms.
The number of moles of O atoms in sucrose (CββHββOββ) = 0.2508 mole of O atoms.
C) The number of C atoms = 1.65 x 10Β²Β³ atoms.
The number of H atoms = 3.02 x 10Β²Β³ atoms.
The number of O atoms = 1.51 x 10Β²Β³ atoms.
Explanation:
Question 1:
A) The number of moles of Au in 57.01 g sample:
n = mass / molar mass,
mass = 57.01 g and molar mass = 196.966 g/mol
e.
The number of moles of Au in the sample = (57.01 g) / (196.966 g/mole) = 0.289 moles.
B) The number of atoms of Au in the sample:
It is known that every mole of a substance contains Avogadro,s number (NA = 6.023 x 10Β²Β³) of molecules.
1.0 mole of Au β 6.023 x 10Β²Β³ atoms
0.289 mole of Au β atoms
using cross multiplication:
The number of atoms of Au in the sample = (6.023 x 10Β²Β³ x 0.289 mole) / (1.0 mole) = 1.74 x 10Β²Β³ atoms.
Question 2:
A) The number of moles of 17.45 g of NaCl:
n = mass / molar mass,
mass = 17.45 g and molar mass = 58.44 g/mole.
The number of moles of NaCl = (17.45 g) / (58.44 g/mole) = 0.298 mole β
0.30 moles.
B) The number of moles of each element in NaCl Β
NaCl β Na + Cl
Each mole of NaCl contains one mole of Na and one mole of Cl.
using cross multiplication:
1.0 mole NaCl β 1.0 mole Na
0.3 mole NaCl β ??? mole Na
The number of moles of Na atoms in NaCl = (1.0 mole Na x 0.3 mole NaCl) / (1.0 mole NaCl) = 0.3 mole of Na atoms.
by the same way; the number of moles of Cl atoms = (1.0 mole Cl x 0.3 mole NaCl) / (1.0 mole NaCl) = 0.3 mole of Cl atoms.
C) The number of atoms of each element in the sample:
It is known that every mole of a substance contains Avogadro,s number (NA = 6.023 x 10Β²Β³) of molecules.
1.0 mole of NaCl β 6.023 x 10Β²Β³ molecules
0.3 mole of NaCl β molecules
using cross multiplication:
The number of molecules in 0.3 mole of NaCl = (6.023 x 10Β²Β³ x 0.3 mole) / (1.0 mole) = 1.8069 x 10Β²Β³ molecules.
Every molecule of NaCl contains one atom of Na and one atom of Cl.
So, it contains 6.023 x 10Β²Β³ atoms of both Na and Cl.
Question 3:
A) The number of moles of 7.801 g of sucrose (CββHββOββ):
n = mass / molar mass,
mass = 7.801 g and molar mass = 342.3 g/mole.
The number of moles of sucrose (CββHββOββ) = (7.801 g) / (342.3 g/mol) = 0.022789 mol β
0.0228 moles.
B) The number of moles of each element in sucrose (CββHββOββ):
CββHββOββ β 12C + 22H + 11O
Each mole of sucrose contains 12 moles of C, 22 moles of H, and 11 moles of O.
using cross multiplication:
1.0 mole of sucrose (CββHββOββ) β 12.0 moles C
0.0228 mole of sucrose (CββHββOββ) β ??? moles C
The number of moles of C atoms in sucrose (CββHββOββ) = (12.0 moles C x 0.0228 moles of sucrose (CββHββOββ)) / (1.0 mole sucrose (CββHββOββ)) = 0.2763 mole of C atoms.
By the same way; the number of moles of H atoms:
1.0 mole of sucrose (CββHββOββ) β 22.0 moles H
0.0228 mole of sucrose (CββHββOββ) β ??? moles H
The number of moles of H atoms in sucrose (CββHββOββ) = (22.0 moles H x 0.0228 moles of sucrose (CββHββOββ)) / (1.0 mole sucrose (CββHββOββ)) = 0.5016 mole of H atoms.
Also; the number of moles of O atoms:
1.0 mole of sucrose (CββHββOββ) β 11.0 moles O
0.0228 mole of sucrose (CββHββOββ) β ??? moles O
The number of moles of O atoms in sucrose (CββHββOββ) = (11.0 moles H x 0.0228 moles of sucrose (CββHββOββ)) / (1.0 mole sucrose (CββHββOββ)) = 0.2508 mole of O atoms.
C) The number of atoms of each element in the sucrose (CββHββOββ) sample:
It is known that every mole of a substance contains Avogadro,s number (NA = 6.023 x 10Β²Β³) of molecules.
1.0 mole of sucrose (CββHββOββ) β 6.023 x 10Β²Β³ molecules
0.0228 mole of sucrose (CββHββOββ) β molecules
using cross multiplication:
The number of molecules in 0.0228 mole of sucrose (CββHββOββ) = (6.023 x 10Β²Β³ x 0.0228 mole) / (1.0 mole) = 1.273 x 10Β²Β² molecules.
Each molecule of sucrose contains 12 atoms of C, 22 atoms of H, and 11 atoms of O.
So, the number of each atom that the sucrose (CββHββOββ) sample contains are:
The number of C atoms = (12 x 1.273 x 10Β²Β² molecules) = 1.65 x 10Β²Β³ atoms.
The number of H atoms = (22 x 1.273 x 10Β²Β² molecules) = 3.02 x 10Β²Β³ atoms.
The number of O atoms = (11 x 1.273 x 10Β²Β² molecules) = 1.51 x 10Β²Β³ atoms.