What volume (in l) of a 4.13m lithium nitrate solution would be needed to make 195ml of a 1.05m solution by dilution?

0.0496 L

Explanation:

You are diluting the LiNO₃ solution, so you can use the dilution formula.

c₁V₁ = c₂V₂                                    Divide each side by c₁

  V₁ = V₂ × c₂/c₁

c₁ = 4.13 mol·L⁻¹; V₁ =?

c₂ = 1.05 mol·L⁻¹; V₂ = 195 mL     Calculate V₁

V₁ = 195 × 1.05/4.13

V₁ = 195 × 0.2542

V₁ = 49.6 mL                                Convert to litres

V₁ = 49.6 × 1/1000

V₁ = 0.0496 L

the number of valence electrons for each molecule or ion is shown beneath the structure. remember hydrogen will not have more than two electrons. this hydrogen is part of a covalent bond (sharing two electrons). a double bond here would cause hydrogen to share four electrons with phosphorus.