How does radiation differ from conduction? a) radiation can move through empty space to transfer heat; conduction cannot. b) radiation needs a medium in order for heat to transfer; conduction does not. c) radiation requires objects to have direct physical contact; conduction does not. d) radiation transmits heat by circulating particles in an object; conduction does not.

Which of the following statements is true about energy quantization at the atomic level? electrons in the outermost orbits are the most stable. electrons in all the orbits around the nucleus have the same amount of energy. electrons in the orbit closest to the nucleus have the least amount of energy. electrons absorb or release the same amount of energy independent of the energy levels.