The proprietor of a rock shop insists that a nugget is pure gold. if the nugget occupies a volume of 5.40 ml, what would its mass have to be if it were truly pure gold? (density gold = 19.3 g/ml)

Density of gold = 19.3 g/mL

Density can be calculated from volume and mass of a substance as follows,

Given the volume of gold nugget = 5.40 mL

Calculating the mass of gold nugget from density and volume:

Therefore, the mass of the nugget is 104.22 g

the number of valence electrons for each molecule or ion is shown beneath the structure. remember hydrogen will not have more than two electrons. this hydrogen is part of a covalent bond (sharing two electrons). a double bond here would cause hydrogen to share four electrons with phosphorus.