Aniline is produced by the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. a small amount of cyclo-hexylamine is produced as a byproduct. the reactions are

Aniline can be produced from nitro-benzene by reduction. When nitro-benzene reacts with tin (Sn) + hydrochloride acid (HCl) then aniline is produced. The Sn + HCl forms free hydrogen ions which converts the nitro group of the benzene ring to amine group, which is aniline. In place of Sn + HCl. One can use palladium (Pd) hydrogen mixture in presence of ethanol (EtOH). There produces a side product in this reaction which is cyclohexyl amine. The reaction can be shown as.

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.