Anthracene is a yellow, crystalline solid found in coal tar. complete this structure for anthracene, c14h10, by adding bonds and hydrogen atoms as necessary. what type of hybrid orbitals are utilized by carbon in anthracene? how many σ bonds and π bonds are there in an anthracene molecule? how many valence electrons occupy σ-bond orbitals and how many occupy π -bond orbitals?

Anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C₁₄H₁₀. The number of fused rings in Anthracene are three in number. This compound is colorful and is used in the formation of different dyes due to its property of deloclization of pi electrons. All the carbon atoms in Anthracene are sp² hybridized with a trigonal planar structure hence, the Anthracene is planar in nature.

Number of Sigma Bonds:

                                         There are 26 sigma bonds (colored in Blue) in Anthracene among which 10 sigma bonds are between carbon and hydrogen atoms while the remaining are between the carbon atoms.

Number of Pi-Bonds:

                                  There are 7 pi bonds in Anthracene (colored in red). All pi bonds are present between carbon and carbon atoms.

Number of Electrons in Sigma Bonds:

                                                             As one sigma bond is formed by 2 electrons hence, 26 sigma bonds will be formed by 52 electrons.

Number of Electrons in Pi Bonds:

                                                       As one pi bond is formed by the side wise overlap of two p orbitals hence one pi bond is formed by two electrons so, 7 pi bonds will be formed by 14 electrons.

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.