In 2–4 sentences, describe how you would create a list with bullets.

Which of the following accurately describes a situation in which consumers have elastic demand? a. a restaurant starts using margarine instead of butter because butter becomes more expensive. b. consumers boycott a restaurant because the waiters aren't paid minimum wage. c. a company starts using sugar instead of corn syrup because its revenues are up. d. people give up eating pasta and bread because they want to lose weight. 2b2t

Which of the following is located at the point where the supply and demand curves intersect? a. the equilibrium price. b. the minimum supply. c. the level of efficient production. d. the maximum demand. 2b2t

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.