After a fairly short plane ride from new york city, irving found himself on a dusty road with goats, chickens, and motor scooters, rather than cars. food, clothing, and carpets were being sold by street vendors, some of whom worked from a cloth spread on the ground, in no order that he could recognize. irving was experiencing ethnocentrism. culture shock. a step back into history. contact with people who shared none of his values.

Sailcloth & more currently produces boat sails and is considering expanding its operations to include awnings for homes and travel trailers. the company owns land beside its current manufacturing facility that could be used for the expansion. the company bought this land 5 years ago at a cost of $319,000. at the time of purchase, the company paid $24,000 to level out the land so it would be suitable for future use. today, the land is valued at $295,000. the company has some unused equipment that it currently owns valued at $38,000. this equipment could be used for producing awnings if $12,000 is spent for equipment modifications. other equipment costing $490,000 will also be required. what is the amount of the initial cash flow for this expansion project?