Oil prices have an impact on transportation costs for many types of products. should oil prices change, the price consumers pay for products often is adjusted accordingly. changing oil prices would be an example of a(n) force.

The hawthorne works was a large western electric factory with 45,000 employees. during the 1920s and 1930s, hawthorne works was the site of some well-known industrial studies. in one of the studies, researchers investigated the impact of different working conditions on worker productivity. prior to the start of the study, researchers secretly measured workers' productivity for several weeks. then researchers chose two workers, who then chose their own teams. the teams were separated from the general workforce and completed their work in different experiment rooms where the researchers could observe them more easily. over a 5-year period researchers manipulated the structure of the workday for each team (number and duration of breaks and number of hours per shift). for each of these changes in working conditions, the researchers measured the effect on productivity. for some conditions, such as frequent short breaks, workers rebelled by intentionally decreasing productivity.why did the researchers secretly measure the workers' productivity before creating the two treatment groups? a, to create similar treatment groups so that a cause-and-effect relationship could be establishedb, to draw conclusions about the productivity of all workers in the plant based on the test groupsc, to directly control for confounding variablesd, to provide a baseline for measuring worker productivity

Performance bicycle company makes steel and titanium handle bars for bicycles. it requires approximately 1 hour of labor to make one handle bar of either type. during the most recent accounting period, barr company made 7,700 steel bars and 2,300 titanium bars. setup costs amounted to $35,000. one batch of each type of bar was run each month. if a single company-wide overhead rate based on direct labor hours is used to allocate overhead costs to the two products, the amount of setup cost assigned to the steel bars will be:

Afarmer is an example of what kind of producer?