Aresearcher examines the effectiveness of different body lotions by having 12 participants apply four different lotions to the same, unique body locations daily for two weeks. for example, lotion #1 is always applied to the right thigh, while lotion #2 is applied to the upper right arm. the participants were randomly selected at a drugstore in a busy area. what is the null hypothesis for this study?

Casey communications recently issued new common stock and used the proceeds to pay off some of its short-term notes payable. this action had no effect on the company's total assets or operating income. which of the following effects would occur as a result of this action? a. the company's current ratio increased.b. the company's times interest earned ratio decreased.c. the company's basic earning power ratio increased.d. the company's equity multiplier increased.e. the company's debt ratio increased.