Why did Gordon Gould have to endure a lengthy legal battle in order to receive a patent for his innovative laser idea concocted in 1957

An employer who is considering hiring eva has asked donna, eva’s former supervisor, for a report on eva. in truth, eva’s work for donna has been only average. however, eva is donna’s friend, and donna knows that eva probably will not get the job if she says anything negative about eva, and donna knows that eva desperately needs the job. further, donna knows that if the situation were reversed, she would not want eva to mention her deficiencies. nevertheless, it has been donna’s policy to reveal the deficiencies of employees when she has been asked for references by employers, and she knows that some of eva’s faults may be bothersome to this particular employer. finally, this employer has leveled with donna in the past when donna has asked for a report on people who have worked for him. should donna reveal deficiencies in eva’s past performance? (remember to use one of the three moral theories acceptable for this test to solve this dilemma. any discussion of any personal opinion, religious perspective, or theory other than the moral theories acceptable for this test will result in a score of "0" for this question.)

The usa today reports that the average expenditure on valentine's day is $100.89. do male and female consumers differ in the amounts they spend? the average expenditure in a sample survey of 47 male consumers was $135.67, and the average expenditure in a sample survey of 38 female consumers was $68.64. based on past surveys, the standard deviation for male consumers is assumed to be $34, and the standard deviation for female consumers is assumed to be $17.

Amanufacturing firm is considering overhauling the existing compensation strategy. currently every front line employee who works on the assembly line earns the same hourly wage. ideally, management would like to institute a new pay system that involves pay-for-performance. which of the following recommendations is both consistent with scientific management's general emphases and generally good advice for management of this firma. the firm should adopt a differential pay system with one pay level for average performance, and a higher level for good performance. b. the firm should adopt a differential pay system, but the firm should modify it from its original design and provide many different levels of pay associated with different performance levels. c. the firm should understand worker psychology and to focus on pay as the key motivator. d. all of the abovee. none of the above