Promissory estoppel is a contractual doctrine that includes the following considerations: Group of answer choices Under this doctrine the promisor reasonably expects that the promisee, in reliance on the promise, will be induced by the nature of the promise to take action or refrain from taking action and the promisee does so. The courts will not, under any circumstance, enforce promises that do not include all four of the elements of contract. The courts use the doctrine of promissory estoppel to enforce unilateral promises. None of these apply to promissory estoppel.