Among the four zones of social media channels, is a subset of e-commerce that involves using social media, online media that supports social interaction, and user contributions to assist in the online buying and selling of products and services.

Gary becker's controversial the economics of discrimination concludes that price discrimination has no effect on final profits. price discrimination benefits monopolies. labor discrimination in hiring results in more efficient allocations of production. discrimination in hiring practices has no effect on final profits. labor discrimination harms firms that practice it due to increased labor costs. price discrimination harms monopolies, which refutes over two centuries of economic theory.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Calculate riverside’s financial ratios for 2014. assume that riverside had $1,000,000 in lease payments and $1,400,000 in debt principal repayments in 2014. (hint: use the book discussion to identify the applicable ratios.)