A firm's overall cost of equity is: I. affected by changes in the market risk premium. II. inversely related to changes in the firm's tax rate. III. generally equal to the firm's WACC for a levered firm. IV. generally higher than the firm's aftertax cost of debt. V. dependent upon the growth rate and risk level of the firm.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.