In the value chain, what is the term of the activities that are required but not directly add value to the company's products or services sold to the customers

In the value chain analysis, the term of the activities that are required but not directly add value to the company's products or services sold to the customers is:

Support or Secondary Activities.

Explanation:

Support or secondary activities are the indirect services that improve the primary activities of the value chain.  The secondary or support activities include procurement of input resources, human resources management, infrastructure (accounting, legal, and administrative), and research and development (technology). These support the primary value chain activities, according to Porter's Value Chain, including In-bound logistics, Operations, Outbound logistics, Marketing and Sales, and Customer Services.

answer: d. characteristics of guests

explanation: it is directly related to the spending characteristics of attendees who fall into each of these categories:

answer; empowerment and collaboration;