In the U. S. we fully expense in our financial statements research and development outlays as they are incurred (not necessarily the case for international financial statements). This can be seen as an example of:

Frugala is when sylvestor puts $2,000 into 10-year state bonds and $3,000 into 5-year aaa-rated bonds in steady hand hardware, inc. he buys the four state bonds at a 5 percent interest rate and the three steady hand bonds at a 6.5 percent rate. sylvestor also buys $1,500 worth of blue chip stocks, and $800 worth of stock in a promising new sportswear company that reinvests its earnings in new growth. 1. (a) what is the maturity for each of the bond groups sylvestor buys? (b) the coupon rate? (c) the par value?