In an examination evaluation expert system, the component of the expert system is responsible for stating why a loan applicant was approved or rejected.

The missing phrase is Explanation Facility.

Complete Sentence:

In an examination evaluation expert system, the Explanation Facility component of the expert system is responsible for stating why a loan application was approved or rejected.

Explanation:    

An expert system is a computer system program that can do the job of a human expert whose role is to give professional opinions, judgments, or advice regarding an issue. These systems are associated with Artificial Intelligence.

In other to create this kind of system (which has the capacity to solve complex problems) AI programmers use a collection of knowledge stored or codified in if-then formats or rules

In expert systems, an explanation facility is a function that allows non-artificial users to query the veracity of the system's reasoning. Usually, the system would make reference to its frame of logical construct, its rules, and or goals.

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i would prefer to go with the news article for nate, its recent and updated and stores a lot of information