9. A necessary condition for international portfolio diversification to be beneficial is that: a. The various national market returns exhibit low correlation. b. The various national market returns exhibit high correlation. c. The various national market returns are perfectly positively correlated. d. The various national market returns exhibit correlations that are non-unity. e. The various national market returns are perfectly negatively correlated.

A

Explanation:

International portfolio diversification is the process by which an investor diversifies her portfolio by holding both domestic and foreign assets in her portfolio. The aim of this strategy is to reduce the risk of the portfolio.

Correlation is a statistical measure used to measure the relationship that exists between two variables.

1. Positive correlation : it mean that the two variables move in the same direction. If one variable increases, the other variable also increases.

For example, there should be a positive correlation between quantity supplied and price

When there is a positive correlation, the graph of the variables is upward sloping

2. Negative correlation :  it mean that the two variables move in different direction. If one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

For example, there should be a negative correlation between quantity demanded and price

When there is a negative correlation, the graph of the variables is downward sloping

3. Zero correlation : there is no relationship between the variables

For an international diversified portfolio, the optimal situation is for the domestic and foreign investments to have little or no correlation

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