Which of the following does NOT describe the front-end business practices of firms that respect the strategic roles of purchasing? a. Product development is regarded as a front-end business practice.
b. Creativity does not require discipline.
c. Marketing in general is regarded as a front-end business practice.
d. High level of uncertainty is about the fact that people have to make important decisions and although they do not have all the relevant information they need.
e. Front-end business practices are discovery-driven in that they explore and create from what they do not know about.

Wo firms, a and b, each currently dump 50 tons of chemicals into the local river. the government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each ton of pollution dumped into the river. it costs firm a $100 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs firm b $50 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. the government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. what is the total cost of reducing pollution if firms are not allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other? what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? a. $3,000; $1,500 b. $4,500; $3,500 c. $4,500; $4,000 d. $4,500; $2,500