If from 1980 to 2005, the average growth rate of aggregate output for the economy of Groland was 4.5%, while over the same time, Groland's population grew an average of 2.0% per year, then aggregate output per person grew at an average of each year

a manufacturer of printed circuit boards uses exponential smoothing with trend to forecast monthly demand of its product. at the end of december, the company wishes to forecast sales for january. the estimate of trend through november has been 200 additional boards sold per month. average sales have been around 1000 units per month. the demand for december was 1100 units. the company uses α = 0.20 and β = 0.10. make a forecast including trend for the month of january.