James Corporation is planning to issue bonds with a face value of $506,500 and a coupon rate of 6 percent. The bonds mature in 15 years and pay interest semiannually every June 30 and December 31. All of the bonds will be sold on January 1 of this year. Required:
Compute the issue (sale) price on January 1 of this year for each of the following independent cases:

a. Case A: Market interest rate (annual):
b. Case B: Market interest rate (annual):
c. Case C: Market interest rate (annual):

You work as the sales manager for a company that sells office supplies to businesses of all sizes. because the profit margins are razor-thin, you need to ensure that you are getting the very best prices on paper, pencils, pens, post-it notes, and other office supplies from the manufacturers. when reviewing the quarterly profit statement, you realize that your costs are higher than they should be, and you trace the higher costs back to an employee who has been lax about getting competitive bids to ensure the lowest prices. when you conduct your research to determine the reason for the higher costs, and take action to bring those costs back down, in which of the key management processes are you taking part?