In an organic organization: a. employees know exactly whom they report to.
b. employees are not encouraged to make their decisions without their manager's consent.
c. there are very clear lines of authority from the employee to the president of the company.
d. employees are encouraged to develop knowledge and expertise outside of their specialization.
e. information is passed through vertical communication between an employee and his or her supervisor

d. employees are encouraged to develop knowledge and expertise outside of their specialization.

Explanation:

An organizational structure can be defined as the process which typically involves dividing an organization into various functional units.

Basically, the organizational structure comprises of three (3) main dimensions and these are;

I. The vertical dimension: this is typically the decision-making responsibilities (decentralization and centralization).

II. The horizontal dimension: this divides the organization into subunits.

III. Integrating mechanisms: it is based typically on the strategic mechanism that controls the various subunits within an organization.

An employee can be defined as an individual who is employed by an employer of labor to perform specific tasks, duties or functions in an organization.

Basically, an employee is saddled with the responsibility of providing specific services to the organization or company where he is currently employed while being paid a certain amount of money hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly depending on the contractual agreement between the two parties (employer and employee).

In an organic organization unlike a mechanistic organisation, employees are encouraged to develop knowledge and expertise outside of their specialization rather than being static or inflexible.

d. employees are encouraged to develop knowledge and expertise outside of their specialization.

Explanation:

In an organic organization: employees are encouraged to develop knowledge and expertise outside of their specialization.