Peterson Packaging Corp. has a basic earning power of (BEP) of 9% on $9 billion of total assets, and its times interest earned (TIE) ratio is 3.0. Peterson's depreciation and amortization expense totals $1 billion. It has $0.6 billion in lease payments and $0.3 billion must go towards principal payments on outstanding loans and long-term debt. What is Peterson's EBITDA coverage ratio

You are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. as part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. the replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $165 comma 000. this cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 7% per year for six years (i.e. until the eoy 7), at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. if the company's cost of capital is 15% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated?