Bob is willing to pay $65 for a new pair of shoes. bill is willing to pay $50 for the same shoes. the shoes have a price of $45. what is the total consumer surplus for bob and bill

The surplus to be determined in this problem is equal to the difference between the money willing to be paid and the value of the purchase. hence for Bob, surplus value is equal to 65- 45 or $20 while that of Bill is equal to 50-45 or $5. The total surplus for both boys is equal to $20 + $5 or $25.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.