In a pon setup, the system is considered passive because no repeaters or other devices intervene between the carrier and the customer.

China's new 5 percent tax on disposable wooden chopsticks, reflecting concerns about deforestation, has been praised by environmentalists. the move is hitting hard at the japanese, who consume 25 billion set of wooden chopsticks annually. almost all of the chopsticks used in japan come from china. the reuirements for chinese manufacturers of wooden chopsticks to pay the 5 percent tax is a factor in their external environment.

Tariffs and quotas are often imposed when a government is more responsive to interests, and the benefits of those trade restrictions are often ; concentrated producer; widely dispersed consumer; widely dispersed consumer; concentrated

What criteria does a company have to meet to be considered a monopoly?