According to expectancy theory, the primary elements that determine how willing an employee is to work hard at tasks important to an organization, those that relate effort, performance, and outcomes, are

The expectancy theory is the theory that determines how motivated someone is. This consists of three elements, and for someone to be motivated, all of these should be on the high level. These primary elements include EXPECTANCY, INSTRUMENTALITY, AND VALENCE. Expectancy is believing that a certain level of effort will also result to a certain level of performance. Instrumentality believes that if the performance is successful then the outcome is expected to be what is desired. Valence is what the value the worker provides to an outcome.