An insurance company faces an ethical dilemma. A faulty computer program designed to evaluate insurance claims has been denying a high number of valid claims. A meeting has been arranged where senior management would decide how to handle the situation. The people at the table have varying views of what action to take and why. Han wants to report the error and reimburse the affected customers immediately because he believes he could end up being fired if the company's reputation suffers because of the issue. Jamila wants to report the error because it is the honest thing to do, and therefore necessary. After hearing his colleagues' opinions, Keith says he is willing to do whatever the more experienced managers in the group recommend. Several other managers believe the company should correct the problem going forward but not do anything about the customers who lost out on past payments. Which of the following best describes the ethical system used by Jamila to make her decision? A. universalism
B. utilitarianism
C. egoism
D. virtue ethics
E. relativism