On January 1,2016, the Ruffin Corporation issued $40,000 par value, 4%, four-year bonds that mature on December 31, 2019. Ruffin will pay interest quarterly on March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31. The company's fiscal year ends on December 31. What is the issue price of this bond assuming the market rate of interest is 4%?

Face Value of the Bond = 40000

Effective Interest = 4%

Coupon rate = 4%

Years to Maturity = 4

Quarterly Coupon rate = 1%

No. of compounding periods = 16

Present Value of Face (40000*.85282)                       $34,112.85

Present Value of Interest Payments (800*14.7179)      $5,887.15

Total                                                                                $40,000.00

Face Value of Bond                                                       $40,000.00

Initial Amount of Discount/(Premium)                           $0.00        

Note: As the bonds are issued at par, there is premium or discount.

answer///supply is elastic, and demand is inelastic;