Dowell Company produces a single product. Its income statements under absorption costing for its first two years of operation follow. 2018 2019 Sales ($46 per unit)$920,000 $1,840,000 Cost of goods sold ($31 per unit) 620,000 1,240,000 Gross margin 300,000 600,000 Selling and administrative expenses 290,000 340,000 Net income$10,000 $260,000 Additional InformationSales and production data for these first two years follow. 2018 2019 Units produced30,000 30,000 Units sold20,000 40,000 Variable cost per unit and total fixed costs are unchanged during 2018 and 2019. The company's $31 per unit product cost consists of the following. Direct materials$5 Direct labor 9 Variable overhead 7 Fixed overhead ($300,000/30,000 units) 10 Total product cost per unit$31 Selling and administrative expenses consist of the following. 2018 2019 Variable selling and administrative expenses ($2.50 per unit)$50,000 $100,000 Fixed selling and administrative expenses 240,000 240,000 Total selling and administrative expenses$290,000 $340,000 Required:1. Prepare income statements for the company for each of its first two years under variable costing.

Match the following definitions to your vocabulary words. 1. separation from a main group to form a new group as a result of disunity ethnic 2. group of people that share a distinctive race, culture, heritage, or nationality discrimination 3. removal of legal and social barriers which impose separation of groups integration 4. practice that treats equal people unequally; denial of opportunities to compete for social and economic rewards stereotyping 5. acting in a biased manner; using prejudicial thinking segregation

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

Magic realm, inc., has developed a new fantasy board game. the company sold 15,000 games last year at a selling price of $20 per game. fixed expenses associated with the game total $182,000 per year, and variable expenses are $6 per game. production of the game is entrusted to a printing contractor. variable expenses consist mostly of payments to this contractor.required: 1-a. prepare a contribution format income statement for the game last year.1-b. compute the degree of operating leverage.2. management is confident that the company can sell 58,880 games next year (an increase of 12,880 games, or 28%, over last year). given this assumption: a. what is the expected percentage increase in net operating income for next year? b. what is the expected amount of net operating income for next year? (do not prepare an income statement; use the degree of operating leverage to compute your answer.)