Sunland Company, has 14700 shares of 4%, $100 par value, cumulative preferred stock and 60200 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2021. There were no dividends declared in 2019. The board of directors declares and pays a $113000 dividend in 2020 and in 2021. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2021

2021 Common Stockholders dividends = $49,600

Explanation:

Preference Shareholders are always paid their dividends first before Common Stockholders. If dividend is not declared, Preference dividends are cumulated to the next period and are due !

2019

Preferred Stockholders Dividends = 14700 x $100 x 4% = $58,800

Common Stockholders dividends = $ 0

2020

Preferred Stockholders Dividends =  $58,800 (2019) + $54,200 (2020)

Common Stockholders dividends = $0

2021

Preferred Stockholders Dividends = $4,600 (2020 arrears) + $58,800 (2021) = $63,400

Common Stockholders dividends = $113,000 - $63,400 = $49,600

sound is invisible, but sometimes we can feel it. when a kettle-drum is thumped with a stick that time the tight drum skin moving up and down very quickly for some time and then it pumped sound waves into the air. loudspeakers also work in a similar manner.

components of a speaker:

electromagnet

in order to translate an electrical signal into an audible sound, an electromagnet is used in looudspeakers

  suspension

suspension is used to   center the voice coil in the gap of the magnet and it exerts a restoring force to keep it there. suspension is used to limits the maximum mechanical excursion of the diaphragm and voice coil.

voice coil

voice coil is a coil of wire which is attached to the apex of a loudspeaker cone. it provides the motive force to the cone by the reaction of a magnetic field to the current passing through it.

cone

in a   loudspeaker, a   thin, semi-rigid membrane attached to the voice coil, which moves in a magnetic gap due to which it vibrates   and produced sound. it is known as diaphragm and it can also be called a cone, though not all speaker diaphragms are cone-shaped.

surround

surround is also known as front suspension. surround is used to join the cone to the chassis. together with the suspension it controls the cone excursion, and it is also used to   determine how energy which is   travelling through the cone is absorbed, and how the speaker limits when it reaches the ends of its travel.

dustcap

dustcap is used to protect the voice coil from dust and dirt. it is a part of the cone.

how speaker work

the outer part of the cone is fastened to the outer part of the loudspeaker's circular metal rim. the inner part is fixed to   voice coil that sits just in front of a permanent magnet . when loudspeaker is hooked up to a stereo, electrical signals feed through the speaker cables into the coil. it will convert the coil into an electromagnet magnet . when electricity flows back and forth in the cables, the electromagnet either repels or attract the permanent magnet. this moves the coil back and forth, and it pull and push the loudspeaker cone. like a drum skin vibrating back and forth, the moving cone pumps sounds out into the air.in this way loudspeakers works.