Determining the reasons for variances is an important part of the overall process of variance analysis. Certain causes are commonly attributed to specific variances. Match each of the following reason. 1. A change in the quality of materials purchased
2. A new supplier contract
3. Error in the accounting records
4. Change in proportion of spoiled materials
5. Unreasonable standard
6. Unanticipated overtime hours
7. A change in the government-mandated minimum wage
8. Equipment malfunction
9. A change in average worker experience or training

a. Direct materials price variance
b. Direct materials quantity variance
c. Direct labor rate variance
d. Direct labor efficiency