The following events occurred for Favata Company: Received $15,000 cash from owners and issued stock to them. Borrowed $12,000 cash from a bank and signed a note due later this year. Bought and received $1,300 of equipment on account. Purchased land for $22,000; paid $2,000 in cash and signed a long-term note for $20,000. Purchased $8,000 of equipment; paid $2,000 in cash and charged the rest on account.

Pennewell publishing inc. (pp) is a zero growth company. it currently has zero debt and its earnings before interest and taxes (ebit) are $80,000. pp's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%. the firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $48.00. refer to the data for pennewell publishing inc. (pp). pp is considering changing its capital structure to one with 30% debt and 70% equity, based on market values. the debt would have an interest rate of 8%. the new funds would be used to repurchase stock. it is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the added leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise to 12%. if this plan were carried out, what would be pp's new value of operations? a. $484,359 b. $521,173 c. $584,653 d. $560,748 e. $487,805