The advantages of personal financial planning include: a. Increased effectiveness in obtaining, using and protecting your financial resources
b. Increased control of your financial affairs by avoiding excessive debt and bankruptcy
c. Improved personal relationships resulting from better communicated financial decisions
d. All of these
e. None of these

d. All of these

Explanation:

Personal financing is the process of organizing and managing an individual or household's income to achieve set financial goals. It involves managing personal finance activities such as income, expenditure, savings, and investments. The primary objective of personal finance is to assist individuals maximize their current incomes and make future plans. As a result, they can achieve both short term and long term goals.