Under dual-cost allocation, fixed costs are allocated on the basis of a user department's: long-run usage of a service department's output. long-run usage and short-run usage of a service department's output. either long-run usage or short-run usage of a service department's output. neither long-run usage nor short-run usage of a service department's output. short-run usage of a service department's output.

a naked warrant, also known as a covered warrant, is a derivative that allows the holder to buy or sell a security, such as a bond or share. unlike a normal warrant, it is not attached to a newly issued bond or preferred stock.

unsecured bonds: they are not secured by a specific asset, but rather by "the full faith and credit" of the issuer. in other words, the investor has the issuer's promise to repay but has no claim on specific collateral. debt, such as unsecured bond debt, is said to be “subordinated,” or junior, to secured debt.

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