What circumstance might lead a firm in a perfectly competitive market to realize a positive, short-run, economic profit? Explain importance of the absence of barriers to entry in perfectly competitive Markets to long run pricing in these markets

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

Laws corporation is considering the purchase of a machine costing $16,000. estimated cash savings from using the new machine are $4,120 per year. the machine will have no salvage value at the end of its useful life of six years and the required rate of return for laws corporation is 12%. the machine's internal rate of return is closest to (ignore income taxes) (a) 12% (b) 14% (c) 16% (d) 18%

Upper a report about the decline of western investment in third world countries included this: "after years of daily flights comma several european airlines halted passenger service. foreign investment fell 400 percent during the 1990 s." what is wrong with this statement? choose the correct answer below. a. if foreign investment fell by 100 % comma it would be totally eliminated comma so it is not possible for it to fall by more than 100 %. b. the actual amount of the decrease in foreign investment is less than 100%. c. if foreign investment fell by 100%, it would be cut in half. thus, a decrease of 200% means that it would be totally eliminated, and a decrease of more than 200% is impossible. d. the statement does not mention the initial amount of foreign investment.