Brown Industries has a debt-equity ratio of 1.5. Its WACC is 9.6 percent, and its cost of debt is 5.7 percent. There is no corporate tax.
What is the company's cost of equity capital? (Do not round intermediate
calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal
places, e. g., 32.16.)
b-1. What would the cost of equity be if the debt-equity ratio were 2.0? (Do not round
intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2
decimal places, e. g., 32.16.)
b-2. What would the cost of equity be if the debt-equity ratio were 0.5? (Do not round
intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2
decimal places, e. g., 32.16.)
b-3. What would the cost of equity be if the debt-equity ratio were zero? (Do not round
intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2
decimal places, e. g., 32.16.)

A .Unlevered cost of equity = 9.6

b-1 Levered cost of equity = 28.69

b-2 Levered cost of equity = 14.37

b-3 Levered cost of equity = 9.6

Explanation:

A. First step is to calculate the E/A

D/A = D/(E+D)

D/A = 1.5/(1+1.5)

D/A=0.6

E/A = 1-D/A

E/A=1-0.6

E/A=0.4

Second Step is to calculate WACC using this formula

WACC = Levered cost of equity*E/A+Cost of debt*(1-tax rate)*D/A

Let plug in the formula

0.096= Levered cost of equity*=0.4+0.057*(1-0)*=0.6

Levered cost of equity =15.45%

Third step is to calculate UnLevered cost of equity using this formula

Levered cost of equity = Unlevered cost of equity+D/E*( Unlevered cost of equity-cost of debt)*(1-tax rate)

Let plug in the formula

0.1545 = Unlevered cost of equity+1.5*(Unlevered cost of equity-0.057)*(1-0)

Unlevered cost of equity = 9.6

b-1. Calculation for What would the cost of equity be if the debt-equity ratio were 2.0

Using this formula

Levered cost of equity = Unlevered cost of equity+D/E*( Unlevered cost of equity-cost of debt)*(1-tax rate)

Let plug in the formula

Levered cost of equity = 9.6+2*(9.6-0.057)*(1-0)

Levered cost of equity = 28.69

b-2. Calculation for What would the cost of equity be if the debt-equity ratio were 0.5

Using this formula

Levered cost of equity = Unlevered cost of equity+D/E*( Unlevered cost of equity-cost of debt)*(1-tax rate)

Let plug in the formula

Levered cost of equity = 9.6+0.5*(9.6-0.057)*(1-0)

Levered cost of equity = 14.37

b-3. Calculation for What would the cost of equity be if the debt-equity ratio were zero

Using this formula

Levered cost of equity = Unlevered cost of equity+D/E*( Unlevered cost of equity-cost of debt)*(1-tax rate)

Let plug in the formula

Levered cost of equity = 9.6+0*(9.6-0.057)*(1-0)

Levered cost of equity = 9.6

explanation:

a gas is not used in hydraulic machines as the fluid because gas is easily compressible and so if a gas is used, the energy would mostly go into compressing a gas. therefore a liquid is used in hydraulic machines as the fluid.

the correct option is c