The following transactions apply to Jova Company for Year 1, the first year of operation: a. Issued $17,000 of common stock for cash.
b. Recognized $63,000 of service revenue earned on account.
c. Collected $56,400 from accounts receivable.
d. Paid operating expenses of $36,600.
e. Adjusted accounts to recognize uncollectible accounts expense. Jova uses the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts and estimates that uncollectible accounts expense will be 2 percent of sales on account.

The following transactions apply to Jova for Year 2:

a. Recognized $70,500 of service revenue on account.
b. Collected $64,400 from accounts receivable.
c. Determined that $860 of the accounts receivable were uncollectible and wrote them off.
d. Collected $300 of an account that had previously been written off.
e. Paid $48,100 cash for operating expenses.
f. Adjusted the accounts to recognize uncollectible accounts expense for Year 2. Jova estimates uncollectible accounts expense will be 1 percent of sales on account.

Required:
a. Identify the type of each transaction (asset source, asset use, asset exchange, or claims exchange).
b. Prepare the income statement, statement of changes in stockholders' equity, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.
c. Prepare closing entries and post these closing entries to the T-accounts. Prepare the postclosing trial balance.

Year 1:

a. Issued $17,000 of common stock for cash.  ⇒ ASSET SOURCE

Dr Cash 17,000

    Cr Common stock 17,000

b. Recognized $63,000 of service revenue earned on account.  ⇒ ASSET SOURCE

Dr Accounts receivable 63,000

    Cr Service revenue 63,000

c. Collected $56,400 from accounts receivable.   ⇒ ASSET EXCHANGE

Dr Cash 56,400

    Cr Accounts receivable 56,400

d. Paid operating expenses of $36,600.   ⇒ ASSET USE

Dr Operating expense 36,600

    Cr Cash 36,600

e. Adjusted accounts to recognize uncollectible accounts expense. Jova uses the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts and estimates that uncollectible accounts expense will be 2 percent of sales on account. ⇒ ASSET USE  

Dr Bad debt expense 132

    Cr Allowance for doubtful accounts 132

Year 2:

a. Recognized $70,500 of service revenue on account.   ⇒ ASSET SOURCE

Dr Accounts receivable 70,500

    Cr Service revenue 70,500

b. Collected $64,400 from accounts receivable.  ⇒ ASSET EXCHANGE

Dr Cash 64,400

    Cr Accounts receivable 64,400

c. Determined that $860 of the accounts receivable were uncollectible and wrote them off.  ⇒ ASSET EXCHANGE

Dr Bad debt expense 860

    Cr Accounts receivable 860

d. Collected $300 of an account that had previously been written off.  ⇒ ASSET EXCHANGE

Dr Accounts receivable 300

    Cr Bad debt expense 300

Dr Cash 300

    Cr Accounts receivable 300

e. Paid $48,100 cash for operating expenses.  ⇒ ASSET USE

Dr Operating expense 48,100

    Cr Cash 48,100

f. Adjusted the accounts to recognize uncollectible accounts expense for Year 2. Jova estimates uncollectible accounts expense will be 1 percent of sales on account.  ⇒ ASSET USE

Dr Bad debt expense 117

    Cr Allowance for doubtful accounts 117

trial balance year 1

Dr Cash 36,800

Dr Accounts receivable 6,468

Cr Common stock 17,000

Cr Service revenue 63,000

Dr Operating expense 36,600

Dr Bad debt expense 132

Income Statement

Year 1

Service revenue                                       $63,000

Expenses:

Net income                                                $26,268

Balance Sheet

Year 1

Assets:

Cash $36,800

Accounts receivable $6,468

Total Assets $43,268

Equity:

Cr Common stock 17,000

Retained earnings $26,268

Total equity $43,268

Statement of changes in stockholders' equity

Year 1

Beginning balance                       $0

Common stock issued               $17,000

Net income                                $26,268

Ending balance                          $43,268

trial balance year 2

Dr Cash 16,600

Dr Accounts receivable 5,123

Cr Service revenue 70,500

Dr Operating expense 48,100

Dr Bad debt expense 677

Income Statement

Year 2

Service revenue                                       $70,500

Expenses:

Net income                                                $21,723

Statement of changes in stockholders' equity

Beginning balance:

Common stock issued               $17,000

Retained earnings                     $26,268

Net income                                $21,723

Ending balance                          $64,991

Balance Sheet

Year 2

Assets:

Cash $53,400

Accounts receivable $11,591

Total Assets $64,991

Equity:

Cr Common stock 17,000

Retained earnings $47,991

Total equity $64,991

Statement of cash flows

Year 2

Net income                                           $21,723

Adjustments to net income:

Increase in accounts receivable         ($5,123)

Net cash from operating activities     $16,600

Net cash increase                               $16,600

Beginning cash balance                    $36,800

Ending cash balance                         $53,400