Under HIPAA, a "disclosure accounting" is required: A. For all research where the data crosses state lines, otherwise state law applies.

B. For all human subjects research that uses PHI without an authorization from the data subject, except for limited data sets.

C. Solely at the principal investigator's discretion.

D. For all human subjects research that uses PHI.

What is the opportunity cost in this scenario? harry has been very busy at work for the past two weeks. he has been working weekends too. finally, he is going to get a weekend off. originally, he planned to paint his apartment that weekend. he also considered going fishing for the weekend. but then his parents called and asked him to come for dinner because it has been a while since they have seen each other. later on, his friend theo informed him about a surprise birthday party for another friend. theo plans to reserve a room at a restaurant for the celebration, with the cost to reserve the room split between theo, harry, and three other friends. now harry is confused about what he should do over the weekend. he decides that, for him, the most important commitments are going over to his parent's house and attending his friend's birthday party. in the end, harry decides to see his parents.

Suppose that a recent celebrity endorsement made more people prefer this brand of cell phones. now, more cell phones are demanded at each price level. as a result of the increase in demand, the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity increases, decreases

How do unseen costs make it difficult to decide if it is better for government or private companies/people to spend our money? provide an example using a “seen” and “unseen” cost to prove your answer.