Jenna decides to purchase a U. S. Treasury Bill for 95,000. The Treasury Bill matures in 180 days for 100,000. Let QR be the quoted rate on this U. S. Treasury Bill. Let j be the annual effective yield on this U. S. Treasury Bill assuming a 365 day year. Calculate j−QR.

J-QR =0.96

Explanation:

Quoted interest rate(QR) is nominal interest rate that does not take compounding into consideration

Effective interest rate(J) is real interest rate that accounts for compounding

face value of tbill = 100,000

price = 95,000

time remaining for maturity, n = 180

QR T-Bill = [(Face Value - Price)/(Face Value)] *(360/n) = [(100,000-95,000)/100,000]*(360/180) = (5000/100,000)*2 = 0.10 or 10%

j = (1+ ((Face Value - Price)/price))(365/n) -1 = (1+((100,000-95,000)/95,000))(365/180) -1 = (1+(5000/95000))2.027778 -1 = 0.1096131

j = 0.1096131 or 10.96131% or 10.96%

Therefore j-QR = 10.96-10 = 0.96%

cognitive overload: having a lot on your mind impairs decision-making and tends to result in the simplest, but not necessarily best, option being selected.

empathy gaps: overlooking how you might feel in a different situation can result in unnecessary purchases, such as overbuying when shopping for food on an empty stomach.

optimism and overconfidence: wearing rose-tinted glasses and having unrealistic expectations about the future can affect money management and leave you unprepared for a change in circumstance.

instant gratification: seeking instant gratification drives impulsive spending and can undermine long-term planning and savings.

harmful habits: automatic or mindless behaviour can amplify a poor financial decision as it becomes a recurring event.

social norms: we are heavily influenced by the actions of others; while this can be in certain circumstances, it also contributes to the pressure to keep up with the joneses through conspicuous consumption.