Bracey Company manufactures and sells one product. The following information pertains to the company’s first year of operations:
Variable cost per unit:
Direct materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19
Fixed costs per year:
Direct labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $250,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $300,000
Fixed selling and administrative expenses . . . . . . . . . . $90,000
The company does not incur any variable manufacturing overhead costs or variable selling and
administrative expenses. During its first year of operations, Bracey produced 20,000 units and sold
18,000 units. The selling price of the company’s product is $55 per unit.
Required:
1. Assume the company uses super-variable costing:
a. Compute the unit product cost for the year.
b. Prepare an income statement for the year.
2. Assume the company uses a variable costing system that assigns $12.50 of direct labor cost to
each unit produced:
a. Compute the unit product cost for the year.
b. Prepare an income statement for the year.
3. Assume the company uses an absorption costing system that assigns $12.50 of direct labor
cost and $15.00 of fixed manufacturing overhead cost to each unit produced:
a. Compute the unit product cost for the year.
b. Prepare an income statement for the year.
4. Prepare a reconciliation that explains the difference between the super-variable costing and
variable costing net operating incomes. Prepare another reconciliation that explains the difference
between the super-variable costing and absorption costing net operating incomes.

1. Assuming that Bracey Company uses super-variable costing:

a. Computation of the unit product cost for the year:

Unit product cost

= unit cost of direct materials = $19

b. Bracey Company Income Statement for the year ended December 31:

Sales Revenue                                                             $990,000

Cost of goods sold                                                         342,000

Contribution                                                                 $648,000

Period Costs:

Direct labor                                                 $250,000

Fixed manufacturing overhead                   300,000

Fixed selling and administrative expenses  90,000 $640,000

Net Income                                                                       $8,000

2. Assuming Bracey Company uses a variable costing system that assigns $12,50 of direct labor cost to each unit produced:

a. Computation of the unit product cost for the year:

Unit product cost

= Direct materials $19

  Direct labor        $12.50

Total                      $31.50

b. Bracey Company Income Statement for the year ended December 31:

Sales Revenue                                                             $990,000

Cost of goods sold                                                         567,000

Contribution                                                                 $423,000

Period Costs:

Fixed manufacturing overhead                   300,000

Fixed selling and administrative expenses  90,000 $390,000

Net Income                                                                     $33,000

3. Assuming Bracey Company uses an absorption costing system that assigns $12.50 of direct labor  cost and $15.00 of fixed manufacturing overhead cost to each unit produced:

a. Computation of the unit product cost for the year:

Unit product cost:

Direct materials $19.00

Direct labor        $12.50

Overhead          $15.00

Total                  $46.50

b. Bracey Company Income Statement for the year ended December 31:

Sales Revenue                                                             $990,000

Cost of goods sold                                                         837,000

Contribution                                                                  $153,000

Period Costs:

Fixed selling and administrative expenses                    90,000

Net Income                                                                     $63,000

4. Reconciliation between super-variable costing and variable costing net operating incomes:

a.

Net operating income as per super-variable costing          $8,000

Add Ending Inventory, direct labor cost (2,000 x $12.50)  25,000

Net operating income as per variable costing                  $33,000

b.

Net operating income as per super-variable costing            $8,000

Add Ending Inventory, labor + overhead (2,000 x $27.50)  55,000

Net operating income as per absorption costing               $63,000

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Variable cost per unit:

Direct materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $19

Fixed costs per year:

Direct labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $250,000

Fixed manufacturing overhead . . . . . . . . . .  $300,000

Fixed selling and administrative expenses .  $90,000

Total units produced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000

Total units sold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18,000

Units in Ending Inventory  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2,000

Selling price per unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $55

b) Bracey Company's super-variable costing method bases the product cost only on the cost of totally variable costs (direct materials).  This unit product cost is then applied to the cost of goods sold and the inventory.  Other variable and even manufacturing overhead costs are not charged to the ending inventory and the cost of goods sold.  They are all regarded as period costs and charged  against income during the period.  The profit produced in the early periods will be substantially less than subsequent years profits.

Bracey variable costing technique charges all variable factory costs to determine the product cost.  On the other hand, the absorption costing method charges all factory costs, whether variable or fixed to determine the product cost.

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