Johnson Company had planned for operating income of $10 million in the master budget with a contribution margin of $3 million, but actually achieved operating income of only $7 million and a contribution margin of $2.5 million. A. The staticminus−budget variance for operating income is $3 million favorable.
B. The staticminus−budget variance for operating income is $3 million unfavorable.
C. The flexibleminus−budget variance for operating income is $3 million unfavorable.
D. The flexibleminus−budget variance for operating income is $3 million favorable.

Activity-based costing (abc) is not truly a cost collection mechanism as much as it is an inventory valuation method. the main purpose for implementing an activity-based cost system is to try to overcome some of the cost distortions that occur in traditional costing from product differences when there are variations in size and complexity. however, one of the disadvantages of utilizing abc is that the additional information gathering necessary to implement costing with that level of detail might be beyond the reach of some companies with resource or financial constraints. with this in mind, what kinds of industries or companies do you think would benefit most from using activity-based costing and why? in designing or modifying an accounting system to capture appropriate costs for abc, what considerations do you think would need to be made?