The annual report for Malibu Beachwear reported the following transactions affecting stockholders’ equity:a. Purchased $350,100 of common stock now held in treasury. b. Declared cash dividends in the amount of $260,050.c. Paid the dividends in (b).d. Issued 101,000 new shares of $0.10 par value common shares for $2 per share. e. Closed the Dividends account. Required:Indicate the effect (+ for increase, − for decrease, +/− for increase/decrease) of each of these transactions on total assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity.

Malibu Beachwear

Indication of the effect (+ for increase, − for decrease, +/− for increase/decrease) of each of these transactions on total assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity:

a. Purchased $350,100 of common stock now held in treasury.

Assets (-$350,100) = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity (-$350,100)

b. Declared cash dividends in the amount of $260,050.

Assets = Liabilities (+$260,050) + Shareholders' Equity (-$260,050)

c. Paid the dividends in (b).

Assets (-$260,050) = Liabilities (-$260,050) + Shareholders' Equity

d. Issued 101,000 new shares of $0.10 par value common shares for $2 per share.

Assets (+$202,000) = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity (+$202,000)

e. Closed the Dividends account.

Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity

Explanation:

a. The purchase of common stock held in treasury implies that Malibu Beachwear bought its own shares from investors and paid cash.  The recording of the transaction involves a reduction in Cash (Assets) and Shareholders' Equity with the creation of Treasury Stock Account.  The treasury stock account is a contra account to the Common Stock account and the balance is deducted from the Shareholders' Equity in the balance sheet.

b. By declaring cash dividends, Malibu Beachwear is returning to its stockholders part of the assets that belong to them.  This transaction reduces the Shareholders' Equity (Retained Earnings) and increases the liabilities with Dividends Payable in the sum of $260,050 respectively.

c.  The payment of the cash dividend by Malibu reduces the Assets (Cash) and the Liabilities (Dividends Payable) in the sum of $260,050.

d. The issue of 101,000 new shares of $0.10 par value for $2 per share by Malibu Beachwear increases its Assets (Cash) with the sum of $202,000 (101,000 x $2) and the Shareholders' Equity (Common Stock with $10,100 and Additional Paid-in Capital- Common Stock with $191,900).

e.  Closing the dividends account does not affect the accounting equation.  Instead, it affects the Income Summary (Statement of Retained Earnings) to which the account is closed.

f. The accounting equation of Assets = Liabilities + Equity is an important feature of the double-entry system of bookkeeping and financial accounting.  The equation implies that every transaction affects the two sides of the equation since two or more accounts are involved.  Where it does not affect the two sides, it implies that one side is affected twice or more.  This equation keeps the assets and liabilities + equity sides in balance at all times.  It also implies that Malibu Beachwear for every transaction, will have the assets equal the liabilities or equity.