Corporate bylaws: A. must be amended should a firm decide to increase the number of shares authorized. B. cannot be amended once adopted. C. define the name by which the firm will operate. D. describe the intended life and purpose of the organization. E. determine how a corporation regulates itself.

Which of the following statements concerning an organization's strategy is true? a. cost accountants formulate strategy in an organization since they have more inputs about costs. b. businesses usually follow one of two broad strategies: offering a quality product at a high price, or offering a unique product or service priced lower than the competition. c. a good strategy will always overcome poor implementation. d. strategy specifies how an organization matches its own capabilities with the opportunities in the marketplace to accomplish its objectives.

The sec has historically raised questions regarding the independence of firms that derive a significant portion of their total revenues from one audit client or group of clients because the sec staff believes this situation causes cpa firms to

Examine the following book-value balance sheet for university products inc. the preferred stock currently sells for $30 per share and pays a dividend of $3 a share. the common stock sells for $16 per share and has a beta of 0.9. there are 2 million common shares outstanding. the market risk premium is 9%, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the firm’s tax rate is 40%. book-value balance sheet (figures in $ millions) assets liabilities and net worth cash and short-term securities $ 2.0 bonds, coupon = 6%, paid annually (maturity = 10 years, current yield to maturity = 8%) $ 5.0 accounts receivable 3.0 preferred stock (par value $15 per share) 3.0 inventories 7.0 common stock (par value $0.20) 0.4 plant and equipment 21.0 additional paid-in stockholders’ equity 13.6 retained earnings 11.0 total $ 33.0 total $ 33.0 a. what is the market debt-to-value ratio of the firm? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. what is university’s wacc? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)