Companies in which owners or top executives make all of the planning, directing and controlling decisions are companies. A. decentralized B. segmented C. formalized D. centralized

D. centralized

Explanation:

Centralized indicates to the hierarchical level of an organisation which has decision-making authority. The organisation is centralized when decision-making is kept at the top level.

So, according to the given situation the centralized companies in which higher authorities make all decisions concerning the planning, management and control

Therefore the correct option is D.

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- love what you do.

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ans.

heterothermic organisms include those organisms that can switch between homeothermic (having body temperature higher than environment) and poikilothermic (having variation in internal body temperature) strategies.

some migratory birds show heterothermy as they decrease their metabolic rate during cold nights to keep their body temperature low. drop in metabolic rate allows increase in production efficiency of birds that reduces the internal body temperature to make it equal to external cold temperature during cold nights.

thus, the correct answer is 'birds allow their temperature drop in order to increase their production efficiency.'