Much of the empirical evidence on the behavior of costs for real-world firms suggests that:

A. there is no relationship between the marginal and average variable costs of production.
B. for many firms, marginal and average variable costs are constant over wide ranges of output.
C. average costs functions are U-shaped as suggested by economic theory.
D. for most firms, marginal costs are declining in the range in which the firms operate.

After the 2008 recession, the amount of reserves in the us banking system increased. because of federal reserve actions, required reserves increased from $44 billion to $60 billion. however, banks started holding more reserves than required. by january 2009, banks were holding $900 billion in excess reserves. the federal reserve started paying interest on the excess reserves that the banks held. what possible impact will these unused reserves have on the economy?

Variable rate cd’s = $90 treasury bills = $150 discount loans = $20 treasury notes = $100 fixed rate cds = $160 money market deposit accts. = $140 savings deposits = $90 fed funds borrowing = $40 variable rate mortgage loans $140 demand deposits = $40 primary reserves = $50 fixed rate loans = $210 fed funds lending = $50 equity capital = $120 a. develop a balance sheet from the above data. be sure to divide your balance sheet into rate-sensitive assets and liabilities as we did in class and in the examples. b. perform a standard gap analysis and a duration analysis using the above data if you have a 1.15% decrease in interest rates and an average duration of assets of 5.4 years and an average duration of liabilities of 3.8 years. c. indicate if this bank will remain solvent after the valuation changes. if so, indicate the new level of equity capital after the valuation changes. if not, indicate the amount of the shortage in equity capital.

Kim davis is in the 40 percent personal tax bracket. she is considering investing in hca(taxable) bonds that carry a 12 percent interest rate. what is her after- tax yield(interest rate) on the bonds?