The following data give the dates of successive turning points in U. S. economic activity and the corresponding levels of real GDP at the time. Turning Point Date Real GDP (1996 $ billions) (A) July 1953 1992.2 (B) May 1954 1941.0 (C) Apr. 1957 2182.7 (D) Apr. 1958 2117.4 (E) Apr. 1960 2391.0 Which of the turning points are troughs? (A), (B), and (C) (C), (D), and (E) (A), (C), and (E) (B) and (D)

1. consider a two-firm industry. firm 1 (the incumbent) chooses a level of output qı. firm 2 (the potential entrant) observes qı and then chooses its level of output q2. the demand for the product is p 100 q, where q is the total output sold by the two firms which equals qi +q2. assume that the marginal cost of each firm is zero. a) find the subgame perfect equilibrium levels of qi and q2 keeping in mind that firm 1 chooses qi first and firm 2 observes qi and chooses its q2. find the profits of the two firms-n1 and t2- in the subgame perfect equilibrium. how do these numbers differ from the cournot equilibrium? b) for what level of qi would firm 2 be deterred from entering? would a rational firm 1 have an incentive to choose this level of qi? which entry condition does this market have: blockaded, deterred, or accommodated? now suppose that firm 2 has to incur a fixed cost of entry, f> 0. c) for what values of f will entry be blockaded? d) find out the entry deterring level of q, denoted by q1', a expression for firm l's profit, when entry is deterred, as a function of f. for what values of f would firm 1 use an entry deterring strategy?