Sam, general manager of a licensed supplier of advanced 3-D printing equipment, routinely and independently influences his business environment to the benefit of his company. Determine which action below is NOT among the ways that Sam independently influences his business environment.

A. by supporting and promoting elected officials to pass city ordinances that favor his customers or business (political action)

B. by visibly supporting his brand through sponsorship of local sporting events (public relations)
C. by suing or threatening to sue firms who are not licensed to sell his printing equipment when they attempt to do so (legal action)

D. by boldly stressing benefits of his technology against those of his competitors through comparative advertising (competitive aggression)

E. by joining a task force with his local business neighbors to brainstorm ideas to reduce the cost of downtown parking (coalition)