The bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) defense:

A. only applies to neutral policies that result in discrimination
B. permits race or color to be used as selection criteria, but only under circumstances where employers can make a very strong case for why that is necessary
C. is the only means by which employers can avoid liability for facially discriminatory policies or practices
D. is most commonly used against a claim of racial discrimination

C. is the only means by which employers can avoid liability for facially discriminatory policies or practices

Explanation:

Bona Fide Occupational Qualification are employment qualifications that employers are permitted to pay attention to while trying to decide whether to employ someone or retain an employee. This rules seems to permit hiring based on sex, age, race, nationality, etc. If these features are bona fide occupational qualification.

For example, a religious body insisting that their leader must be member from a particular group.

Compulsory retirement for airplane pilots due to safety.

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