What is the difference between gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP)?

a) NPP = GPP - plant respiration
b) GPP = NPP - plant respiration
c) Plant respiration = GPP + NPP
d) None of the above

Uppose stanley's office supply purchases 50,000 boxes of pens every year. ordering costs are $100 per order and carrying costs are $0.40 per box. moreover, management has determined that the eoq is 5,000 boxes. the vendor now offers a quantity discount of $0.20 per box if the company buys pens in order sizes of 10,000 boxes. determine the before-tax benefit or loss of accepting the quantity discount. (assume the carrying cost remains at $0.40 per box whether or not the discount is taken.)

Which of the following statements regarding the learning curve and economies of scale is accurate? answers: just as diseconomies of scale are presumed to exist if a firm gets too large, there is a corresponding increase in costs in the learning-curve model as the cumulative volume of production grows.where diseconomies of scale are presumed to exist if a firm gets too large, there is no corresponding increase in costs in the learning-curve model as the cumulative volume of production grows.where diseconomies of scale are presumed to exist if a firm gets too small, there is no corresponding increase in costs in the learning-curve model as the cumulative volume of production grows.just as diseconomies of scale are presumed to exist if a firm gets too small, there is a corresponding increase in costs in the learning-curve model as the cumulative volume of production grows.

A) plot the m1 and m2 money stock in the us from 1990-2015. (hint: you may use the data tools provided by fred.) (b) plot the nominal interest rate from 1960 to 2014. (hint: you can either use the daily interest rates for selected u.s. treasury, private money market and capital market instruments from or the effective federal funds rate fromfred.) (c) the consumer price index (cpi) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. intuitively, the cpi represents the cost of living or the average price level. plot the cpi from 1960 to 2013.(d) the inflation rate is the yearly percentage change in the average price level. in practice, we usually use the percentage change in the cpi to compute the inflation rate. plot the inflation rate from 1960 to 2013.(e) explain the difference between the ex-ante and ex-post real interest rate. use the fisher equation to compute the ex-post real interest rate. plot the nominal interest rate and the ex-post real interest rate from 1960 to 2013 in the same graph.